04 Introduction to Sensor Network
Sensor kya hota hai?
Sensor ek aisa device hota hai jo apne aas-paas ke environment se koi physical input (jaise temperature, light, pressure, etc.) ko measure karta hai, aur usko data mein convert karta hai — jise ya to machine samajh sakti hai, ya insaan dekh ke interpret kar sakta hai.
🔍 Real-Life Examples:
Agar aap computer pe ho aur mouse use kar rahe ho, to usme ek optical sensor hota hai.
Agar aap smartphone use kar rahe ho, to jab bhi aap screen touch karte ho, wo touch sensors ka use karta hai.
Thermometer bhi ek sensor hi hai — wo temperature ko measure karke visually dikhata hai (jaise mercury level badhta hai).
⚙️ Sensors kya-kya measure karte hain?
Sensors ka use kai cheezon ko measure karne ke liye hota hai:
🔥 Temperature (jaise thermometer ya AC sensor)
📏 Distance (jaise cars mein reverse sensor)
💨 Smoke detection (jaise smoke alarms)
💧 Pressure regulation (jaise water purifiers mein)
💡 Light sensing (jaise automatic street lights)
📌 Summary:
Sensor = Input measure karta hai + Usko data mein badalta hai
Machine ya insaan dono is data ka use kar sakte hain kisi kaam ke liye.
Sensors hamare modern life ka ek important part ban chuke hain.
Agar tum yeh article computer par padh rahe ho, toh ho sakta hai tum mouse use kar rahe ho — jisme ek optical sensor hota hai.
Agar tum phone par ho, toh har baar jab tum screen ko touch karte ho, tum touch sensor use kar rahe ho.
Lekin sensor hota kya hai?
Sensor ek aisi device hoti hai jo apne aas-paas ke environment se koi physical input jaise temperature, pressure, light, touch, etc. ko measure karti hai, aur us input ko data mein convert kar deti hai — jise insaan ya machine samajh sake.
Zyadaatar sensors electronic hote hain, matlab input ko electronic data mein badal dete hain.
Lekin kuch simple sensors bhi hote hain, jaise ek glass thermometer — jo temperature ko visually dikhata hai.
Log sensors ka use kai cheezein measure karne ke liye karte hain, jaise temperature, distance, smoke detect karna, pressure control karna, aur aur bhi bahut kuch.
Classification of Sensors (Sensors ki Categories)
Alag-alag experts aur authors ne sensors ko alag-alag tareekon se classify (divide) kiya hai.
Kuch classification simple hote hain, aur kuch thode complex (mushkil) hote hain.Neeche wali classification ek expert ke dwara use ki gayi ho sakti hai, lekin yeh bahut hi simple aur basic classification hai — easy to understand.
1. Active Sensors aur Passive Sensors
Active Sensors:
Ye wo sensors hote hain jo kaam karne ke liye kisi external power ya signal ki need karte hain.
Matlab inhe chalu karne ke liye bahar se power deni padti hai.Example: Ultrasonic sensor (jisme signal bhejna padta hai)
Passive Sensors:
Ye sensors kisi external power source ki zarurat nahi rakhte.
Ye directly apna output khud generate kar lete hain jab koi physical change detect hota hai.Example: Thermocouple (jo temperature badhne par khud hi signal deta hai)
