NGINX – Zero Se Hero Tak: Ek Ultimate Guide Beginner Se Lekar Advanced Mastery Tak

Using Docker:
Is section mein hum Nginx ko Docker ke through install aur setup karna sikhenge, uski configuration karenge, aur ek sample project bhi setup karenge.

Step 1: Installing Nginx with Docker

Agar aap Nginx ko Docker container ke andar install karna chahte ho, to ye steps follow karo:
                                       docker run -it -p 8080:80 ubuntu

Ye command ek Ubuntu container start karti hai, jisme host machine ka port 8080 container ke port 80 se map kiya jaata hai.

Iska matlab: Jab aap browser mein localhost:8080 open karoge, to wo container ke andar ke port 80 pe jaayega — jahan hum Nginx chalane wale hain.
* Ab next step yeh hai ki package list ko update karo aur Nginx install karo:
                                            apt-get update
                                     apt-get install nginx

* Installation check karne ke liye yeh command run karo:
                               nginx -v

2. Host Machine par:
                     sudo apt update
                  sudo apt install nginx
* Installation ke baad, aap Nginx ko start kar sakte ho.
                    sudo systemctl start nginx
* Status check karne ke liye.
                   sudo systemctl status nginx

Nginx Configuration Basics

Nginx ka main configuration file hai nginx.conf. Yeh generally /etc/nginx/nginx.conf path pe hota hai. Ab hum ek simple Nginx configuration file ko samajhte hain:

worker_processes auto;

   events {
         worker_connections 1024;
   }

  http {
         include mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

         sendfile on;
         keepalive_timeout 65;

  server {
          listen 80;
           server_name localhost;

          location / {
          root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index index.html index.htm;
              }
       }
  }

Ab har part ko samajhte hain:

1. 1. worker_processes auto;

      Yeh directive Nginx ko batata hai ki kitne worker processes start karne hain. Worker processes ka kaam requests ko handle karna hota hai. Agar yeh auto pe set hai, toh Nginx apne CPU cores ke basis pe optimum number of processes decide karega.

   2. events { worker_connections 1024; }

      Yeh block connection handling settings ko define karta hai.

      worker_connections 1024; ka matlab hai ki har worker process 1024 simultaneous connections handle kar sakta hai. Agar 4 worker processes hain, toh 4096 connections ek saath handle ho sakte hain.

   3. http { … }

      Yeh block HTTP requests ko handle karne ke liye settings define karta hai. Yaha par most of your web server configuration hota hai.

      • include mime.types;
        Yeh directive Nginx ko mime.types file include karne ke liye kehta hai, jo file extensions ko MIME types se map karta hai. MIME types browser ko yeh batate hain ki kisi file ko kaise handle karna hai (e.g., .html ko text/html ke roop mein, .jpg ko image/jpeg ke roop mein).

      • default_type application/octet-stream;
        Agar Nginx kisi file ka MIME type determine nahi kar pata, toh yeh application/octet-stream default type use karta hai, jo usually “download this file” ka matlab hota hai.

      • sendfile on;
        Yeh directive sendfile system call ko enable karta hai, jo Nginx ko files serve karne mein zyada efficiently kaam karne mein madad karta hai.

      • keepalive_timeout 65;
        Yeh setting batati hai ki idle connection ko kitni der (seconds mein) open rakhna hai, jab tak ki Nginx usse close nahi kar de. Default value 65 seconds hoti hai.

   4. server { … }

      Yeh block virtual server ki configuration define karta hai, jo kisi specific domain ya IP address pe requests handle karega.

      • listen 80;
        Yeh Nginx ko batata hai ki HTTP requests ko port 80 par sunna hai. Port 80 HTTP ka default port hota hai.

      • server_name localhost;
        Yeh directive batata hai ki yeh server block kis domain name ke liye response karega. localhost typically local testing ke liye hota hai, lekin real-world scenario mein aap ise apne domain name (e.g., example.com) se replace karenge.

      • location / { … }
        Yeh block define karta hai ki Nginx ko kis tarah se alag-alag request URIs ka response dena hai. / ka matlab hai ki yeh block root URL (e.g., http://localhost/) ke liye handle karega.

        • root /usr/share/nginx/html;
          Yeh directive batata hai ki Nginx ko kis directory mein files dikhani hain. Yaha default directory /usr/share/nginx/html hoti hai, jahan Nginx HTML files store karta hai.

        • index index.html index.htm;
          Yeh directive batata hai ki agar directory request kiya jaye, toh Nginx kin files ko sabse pehle dekhega. For example, agar user http://localhost/ par jata hai, toh Nginx sabse pehle index.html ya index.htm file ko serve karne ki koshish karega.

Configuring Nginx

Jab Nginx install ho jata hai, ek directory /etc/nginx/ ban jaati hai. Is directory mein sabse important file hoti hai nginx.conf, jo Nginx ki main configuration file hai.